Which item is included in the organizational models for psychoecological delivery?

• A. Hospital-based acute care
• B. Pharmacogenomics
• C. Intensive case management
• D. Drug and alcohol therapy

Answer: (D)

Psychoecological delivery emphasizes treating individuals by addressing the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors, and doing so within organizational systems that coordinate a range of services. Drug and alcohol therapy fits this approach because substance use treatment is a central component of holistic care, addressing how addiction affects mental health, functioning, and social roles. In organizational models, such therapy is integrated with other supports (counseling, case management, referrals, relapse prevention) to provide coordinated care across settings, not just isolated treatment.

Hospital-based acute care is primarily a setting rather than a full delivery model. Pharmacogenomics focuses on genetics-guided medication choices rather than a delivery framework. Intensive case management is a delivery method, but the item highlighted here specifically reflects the treatment modality addressing substance use within psychoecological care.